Zowononga zomwe zimatayidwa makamaka ndi: nkhungu ya penti ndi zosungunulira za organic zopangidwa ndi utoto wopopera, ndi zosungunulira za organic zomwe zimapangidwa poumitsa kutenthetsa.Utoto wa utoto makamaka umachokera ku gawo la zokutira zosungunulira mu kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, ndipo kapangidwe kake kamagwirizana ndi zokutira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.Zosungunulira za organic zimachokera ku zosungunulira ndi zosungunulira pakugwiritsa ntchito zokutira, zambiri zimakhala zotulutsa zosakhazikika, ndipo zoipitsa zake zazikulu ndi xylene, benzene, toluene ndi zina zotero.Choncho, gwero lalikulu la mpweya woipa wotayidwa mu zokutira ndi chipinda chopopera chopopera, chipinda chowumitsira ndi chowumitsa.
1. Njira yopangira gasi yotayira pamzere wopangira magalimoto
1.1 Njira yochizira mpweya wa zinyalala wa organic poyanika
Mpweya wotulutsidwa kuchokera ku electrophoresis, zokutira zapakati ndi chipinda chowumira chapamwamba ndi cha kutentha kwambiri komanso mpweya woipa kwambiri, womwe ndi woyenera njira yowotchera.Pakalipano, njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza gasi pakuwumitsa zikuphatikizapo: regenerative thermal oxidation technology (RTO), regenerative catalytic combustion technology (RCO), ndi TNV recovery thermal incineration system.
1.1.1 Ukadaulo wosungirako matenthedwe amtundu wa thermal oxidation (RTO)
Thermal oxidator (Regenerative Thermal Oxidizer, RTO) ndi chipangizo chotetezera chilengedwe chopulumutsa mphamvu pochizira mpweya woipa wapakati komanso wotsika kwambiri.Oyenera kuchuluka kwambiri, ndende yotsika, yoyenera kuphatikizika kwa zinyalala zamafuta pakati pa 100 PPM-20000 PPM.Mtengo wa ntchito ndi wotsika, pamene ndende ya zinyalala za gasi ili pamwamba pa 450 PPM, chipangizo cha RTO sichiyenera kuwonjezera mafuta owonjezera;mlingo woyeretsedwa ndi wapamwamba, mlingo woyeretsedwa wa bedi awiri RTO ukhoza kufika pa 98%, mlingo wa kuyeretsedwa kwa bedi atatu RTO ukhoza kufika pa 99%, ndipo palibe kuipitsidwa kwachiwiri monga NOX;kulamulira basi, ntchito yosavuta;chitetezo ndichokwera.
Chida chobwezeretsanso kutentha kwa okosijeni chimagwiritsa ntchito njira yowotchera matenthedwe kuti azitha kutentha kwapakati komanso pang'ono, ndipo chosinthira kutentha kwa bedi la ceramic chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kubwezeretsa kutentha.Zimapangidwa ndi bedi losungirako kutentha kwa ceramic, valavu yowongolera yokha, chipinda choyaka moto ndi dongosolo lowongolera.Zomwe zikuluzikulu ndi izi: valavu yodziwikiratu yomwe ili pansi pa bedi losungirako kutentha imalumikizidwa ndi chitoliro chachikulu cholowera ndi chitoliro chachikulu chotulutsa motsatana, ndipo bedi losungiramo kutentha limasungidwa ndi kutentha kwa gasi wotayirira organic kubwera mu bedi losungirako kutentha. ndi ceramic kutentha zosungiramo kuyamwa ndi kumasula kutentha;organic zinyalala mpweya preheated kuti kutentha kwina (760 ℃) ndi oxidized mu kuyaka kwa chipinda kuyaka kupanga mpweya woipa ndi madzi, ndipo amayeretsedwa.Chipinda chachikulu cha RTO chokhala ndi mabedi awiri chimakhala ndi chipinda chimodzi choyaka moto, mabedi awiri a ceramic ndi ma valve osinthira anayi.The regenerative ceramic kulongedza bedi kutentha exchanger mu chipangizo akhoza kukulitsa kutentha kuchira wamkulu kuposa 95%;Palibe kapena mafuta ochepa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza gasi wonyansa.
Ubwino: Polimbana ndi kutuluka kwakukulu komanso kutsika kwa gasi wonyansa, mtengo wake ndi wotsika kwambiri.
kuipa: mkulu-nthawi imodzi ndalama, mkulu kuyaka kutentha, si oyenera zochizira mkulu ndende ya organic zinyalala mpweya, pali zambiri kusuntha mbali, amafunika ntchito yokonza.
1.1.2 Thermal catalytic combustion technology (RCO)
The regenerative catalytic combustion chipangizo (Regenerative Catalytic Oxidizer RCO) amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji kwapakati ndi mkulu ndende (1000 mg/m3-10000 mg/m3) organic zinyalala kuyeretsa mpweya.Ukadaulo wamankhwala a RCO ndioyenera makamaka pakufunidwa kwakukulu kwa kutentha kwa kutentha, komanso koyenera pamzere womwewo wopangira, chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kapangidwe ka gasi wotayirira nthawi zambiri kamasintha kapena kuchuluka kwa zinyalala kumasinthasintha kwambiri.Ndi makamaka oyenera kufunika kutentha mphamvu kuchira mabizinezi kapena kuyanika thunthu mzere zinyalala mankhwala mankhwala, ndi kuchira mphamvu angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyanika thunthu mzere, kuti akwaniritse cholinga chopulumutsa mphamvu.
Ukadaulo wopatsa mphamvu wowotcha ndi njira yofananira ndi gasi-solid gawo, komwe kwenikweni ndiko kuyatsa kwakuya kwamitundu ya okosijeni.M'kati mwa catalytic oxidation, kutsekemera kwa pamwamba pa chothandizira kumapangitsa kuti ma molekyulu a reactant alemeredwe pamwamba pa chothandizira.Zotsatira za chothandizira kuchepetsa mphamvu yotsegulira imathandizira makutidwe ndi okosijeni komanso kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa makutidwe ndi okosijeni.Pansi pa chothandizira chapadera, zinthu za organic zimachitika popanda kuyaka kwa okosijeni pang'ono pa kutentha koyambira (250 ~ 300 ℃), komwe kumawola kukhala mpweya woipa ndi madzi, ndikutulutsa mphamvu zambiri za kutentha.
Chipangizo cha RCO chimapangidwa makamaka ndi thupi la ng'anjo, chothandizira kutentha kutentha, makina oyatsira moto, makina owongolera okha, valavu yodziwikiratu ndi machitidwe ena angapo.Popanga mafakitale, mpweya wotulutsa mpweya wotulutsidwa umalowa mu valavu yozungulira ya zida kudzera pa fani yoyeserera, ndipo mpweya wolowera ndi mpweya wotuluka zimasiyanitsidwa kwathunthu kudzera mu valavu yozungulira.Kusungirako mphamvu ya kutentha ndi kutentha kwa gasi kumafika kutentha komwe kumakhazikitsidwa ndi catalytic oxidation ya catalytic layer;mpweya wotulutsa mpweya ukupitirizabe kutentha kupyolera m'malo otentha (mwina ndi kutentha kwa magetsi kapena kutentha kwa gasi) ndikusunga kutentha;amalowa mu chothandizira wosanjikiza kumaliza chothandizira makutidwe ndi okosijeni anachita, ndicho zimene amapanga mpweya woipa ndi madzi, ndi kumasula kuchuluka kwa kutentha mphamvu kukwaniritsa ankafuna mankhwala.Mpweya wopangidwa ndi okosijeni umalowa mu ceramic material layer 2, ndipo mphamvu ya kutentha imatulutsidwa mumlengalenga kudzera mu valve yozungulira.Pambuyo pa kuyeretsedwa, kutentha kwa mpweya pambuyo pa kuyeretsedwa kumakhala kokwera pang'ono kusiyana ndi kutentha musanayambe chithandizo cha gasi.Dongosololi limagwira ntchito mosalekeza ndikusintha zokha.Kupyolera mu ntchito yozungulira ma valve, zigawo zonse zodzaza za ceramic zimamaliza masitepe otenthetsera, kuziziritsa ndi kuyeretsa, ndipo mphamvu ya kutentha imatha kubwezeretsedwanso.
Ubwino: njira yosavuta kuyenda, zida yaying'ono, odalirika ntchito;kuyeretsa kwakukulu, nthawi zambiri kupitirira 98%;kutentha pang'ono kuyaka;ndalama otsika disposable, mtengo wotsika ntchito, kutentha kuchira Mwachangu zambiri kufika oposa 85%;njira yonseyo popanda kupanga madzi onyansa, njira yoyeretsera sikutulutsa kuipitsidwa kwachiwiri kwa NOX;Zida zoyeretsera RCO zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi chipinda chowumitsa, mpweya woyeretsedwa ukhoza kugwiritsidwanso ntchito mwachindunji mu chipinda chowumitsa, kuti akwaniritse cholinga chopulumutsa mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa umuna;
kuipa: chothandizira kuyaka chipangizo ndi oyenera zochizira organic zinyalala mpweya ndi otsika otentha mfundo organic zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi otsika phulusa okhutira, ndi zinyalala mankhwala a zinthu zomata monga utsi wochuluka si koyenera, ndi chothandizira ayenera poizoni;kuchuluka kwa zinyalala za gasi kumakhala pansi pa 20%.
1.1.3TNV Kubwezeretsanso mtundu wa matenthedwe otenthetsera makina
Recycling mtundu matenthedwe incineration dongosolo (German Thermische Nachverbrennung TNV) ndi ntchito mpweya kapena mafuta mwachindunji kuyaka Kutentha zinyalala mpweya munali zosungunulira organic, pansi pa zochita za kutentha, organic zosungunulira mamolekyu makutidwe ndi okosijeni kuwonongeka mu mpweya woipa ndi madzi, kutentha kwa chitoliro mpweya. kudzera kuthandizira multistage kutentha kutengerapo chipangizo Kutentha ndondomeko kupanga amafuna mpweya kapena madzi otentha, zonse yobwezeretsanso makutidwe ndi okosijeni kuwonongeka kwa organic zinyalala mpweya kutentha mphamvu, kuchepetsa mowa mphamvu ya dongosolo lonse.Choncho, dongosolo la TNV ndi njira yabwino komanso yabwino yothetsera mpweya wotayirira wokhala ndi zosungunulira zamoyo pamene ntchito yopanga imafunikira mphamvu zambiri zotentha.Pa mzere watsopano wopangira utoto wa electrophoretic, TNV recovery thermal incineration system nthawi zambiri imatengedwa.
TNV dongosolo lili ndi magawo atatu: zinyalala mpweya preheating ndi incineration dongosolo, kuzungulira mpweya Kutentha dongosolo ndi mpweya watsopano kutentha kuwombola dongosolo.Chida chapakati chotenthetsera gasi mu dongosololi ndi gawo lalikulu la TNV, lomwe limapangidwa ndi ng'anjo yamoto, chipinda choyaka moto, chowotcha, chowotcha ndi valavu yayikulu yowongolera chitoliro.ntchito yake ndi: ndi mkulu kuthamanga mutu zimakupiza adzakhala organic zinyalala mpweya kuchokera kuyanika chipinda, pambuyo zinyalala incineration chapakati Kutentha chipangizo anamanga kutentha exchanger preheating, kuti kuyaka chipinda, ndiyeno kupyolera burner Kutentha, pa kutentha kwambiri ( pafupifupi 750 ℃) ku organic zinyalala makutidwe ndi okosijeni kuwonongeka, kuwonongeka kwa organic zinyalala mpweya mu carbon dioxide ndi madzi.The kwaiye mkulu kutentha chitoliro mpweya amatulutsidwa kudzera exchanger kutentha ndi chitoliro chachikulu cha gasi chitoliro mu ng'anjo.Mpweya wotayidwa umatenthetsa mpweya wozungulira mu chipinda chowumitsira kuti upereke mphamvu yotentha yofunikira pa chipinda chowumitsira.Chida chatsopano chotengera kutentha kwa mpweya chimayikidwa kumapeto kwa dongosolo kuti abwezeretse kutentha kwa zinyalala za dongosolo kuti abwezeretsedwe komaliza.Mpweya watsopano wowonjezeredwa ndi chipinda chowumitsira umatenthedwa ndi gasi wa flue ndikutumizidwa m'chipinda chowumitsa.Kuphatikiza apo, palinso valavu yoyendetsera magetsi papaipi yayikulu ya gasi, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha kutentha kwa gasi potuluka pa chipangizocho, ndipo kutulutsa komaliza kwa kutentha kwa gasi kumatha kuwongoleredwa pafupifupi 160 ℃.
Makhalidwe a chipangizo chotenthetsera zinyalala cha gasi chapakati chimaphatikizapo: nthawi yotsalira ya gasi wonyansa m'chipinda choyaka ndi 1 ~ 2s;kuchuluka kwa zinyalala za gasi kupitilira 99%;kutentha kwa kutentha kumatha kufika 76%;ndi kusintha kwa chiŵerengero cha zowotcha zimatha kufika 26 ∶ 1, mpaka 40 ∶ 1.
Zoipa: pochiza gasi wosakanizidwa pang'ono, mtengo wake ndi wapamwamba;chowotcha cha tubular chimangogwira ntchito mosalekeza, chimakhala ndi moyo wautali.
1.2 Njira yochizira gasi wotayirira m'chipinda chopopera utoto ndi chipinda chowumitsira
Mpweya wotuluka m'chipinda chopopera utoto ndi chowumitsira umakhala wocheperako, kuchuluka kwamadzi otaya ndi mpweya wotayira m'chipinda, ndipo gawo lalikulu la zoipitsa ndi ma hydrocarbon onunkhira, ethers mowa ndi ester organic solvents.Pakalipano, njira yachilendo yokhwima kwambiri ndi: yoyamba organic zinyalala ndende kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa organic zinyalala mpweya, ndi njira yoyamba adsorption (anamulowetsa mpweya kapena zeolite monga adsorbent) kwa otsika ndende ya chipinda kutentha kutsitsi utsi utsi adsorption, ndi kutentha kwambiri kwa gasi, mpweya wopopera wokhazikika pogwiritsa ntchito kuyaka kochititsa chidwi kapena njira yoyatsiranso.
1.2.1 Mphamvu ya carbon adsorption- -desorption ndi kuyeretsa chipangizo
Kugwiritsa ntchito zisa adamulowetsa makala monga adsorbent, Kuphatikizidwa ndi mfundo za adsorption kuyeretsedwa, desorption kusinthika ndi ndende ya VOC ndi chothandizira kuyaka, High mpweya voliyumu, otsika ndende ya organic zinyalala mpweya kudzera zisa adamulowetsa mpweya adsorption kukwaniritsa cholinga choyeretsa mpweya, Pamene adamulowetsa mpweya ali zimalimbikitsa ndiyeno amagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wotentha regenerate adamulowetsa mpweya, Desorbed moyikira organic nkhani amatumizidwa ku catalytic kuyaka bedi kuti catalytic kuyaka, Organic nkhani ndi oxidized kuti alibe vuto carbon dioxide ndi madzi, The anawotchedwa otentha utsi mpweya kutentha the mpweya wozizira kudzera m'chotenthetsera kutentha, Kutulutsa kwina kwa gasi woziziritsa pambuyo pa kusinthanitsa kutentha, Gawo lopangitsa kuti zisa za uchi zitsitsimutsenso makala, Kukwaniritsa cholinga chowononga kutentha ndikupulumutsa mphamvu.Chipangizo chonsecho chimapangidwa ndi pre-sefa, bedi lodziwikiratu, bedi lothandizira kuyaka, kubwezeredwa kwamoto, fani yofananira, valavu, ndi zina zambiri.
Chipangizo choyeretsera mpweya wa carbon adsorption-desorption chinapangidwa motsatira mfundo ziwiri zazikuluzikulu za kutsatsa ndi kuyaka kothandizira, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yapawiri ya gasi mosalekeza, chipinda choyaka chothandizira, bedi la adsorption limagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana.Choyamba organic zinyalala mpweya ndi adamulowetsa mpweya adsorption, pamene kudya machulukitsidwe kusiya adsorption, ndiyeno ntchito kutentha mpweya otaya kuchotsa organic kanthu ku adamulowetsa mpweya kuti adamulowetsa mpweya kusinthika;organic zinthu wakhala moyikirapo (ndi ndende nthawi zambiri kuposa choyambirira) ndi kutumizidwa ku catalytic kuyaka chipinda chothandizira kuyaka mu carbon dioxide ndi madzi nthunzi kukhetsa.Pamene kuchuluka kwa zinyalala za gasi kumafika kupitilira 2000 PPm, mpweya wotayirira wachilengedwe umatha kuyaka mokhazikika pabedi lothandizira popanda kutentha kwakunja.Mbali ina ya mpweya woyaka moto imatulutsidwa mumlengalenga, ndipo zambiri zimatumizidwa ku bedi la adsorption kuti ayambitsenso mpweya woyaka.Izi zikhoza kukumana ndi kuyaka ndi kutsekemera kwa mphamvu ya kutentha yofunikira, kuti mukwaniritse cholinga chopulumutsa mphamvu.Kubadwanso kumatha kulowa adsorption yotsatira;mu desorption, ntchito yoyeretsa imatha kuchitidwa ndi bedi lina la adsorption, lomwe liyenera kugwira ntchito mosalekeza komanso ntchito yapakatikati.
Kuchita mwaukadaulo ndi mawonekedwe: magwiridwe antchito, mawonekedwe osavuta, otetezeka komanso odalirika, opulumutsa mphamvu komanso opulumutsa, palibe kuipitsidwa kwachiwiri.Zidazi zimaphimba malo ang'onoang'ono ndipo zimakhala ndi kulemera kochepa.Zoyenera kwambiri kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mokweza kwambiri.The adamulowetsa mpweya bedi kuti adsorbs organic zinyalala mpweya ntchito zinyalala kuyaka pambuyo chothandizira kuti kuvula kusinthika, ndi kuvula mpweya amatumizidwa ku chothandizira kuyaka chipinda kuyeretsedwa, popanda mphamvu kunja, ndipo mphamvu yopulumutsa mphamvu ndi yofunika.Choyipa ndichakuti activated carbon ndi yochepa ndipo mtengo wake wogwirira ntchito ndi wokwera.
1.2.2 Zeolite kutengerapo gudumu adsorption- -desorption kuyeretsa chipangizo
Zigawo zazikulu za zeolite ndi: silicon, aluminiyamu, ndi mphamvu adsorption, angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati adsorbent;Wothamanga wa zeolite akuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a zeolite enieni pobowo ndi adsorption ndi desorption mphamvu ya zowononga organic, kotero kuti VOC yotulutsa mpweya wokhala ndi ndende yotsika komanso ndende yayikulu, imatha kuchepetsa mtengo wa opaleshoni ya zida zomaliza zomaliza.Makhalidwe ake chipangizo ndi oyenera zochizira lalikulu otaya, otsika ndende, munali zosiyanasiyana organic zigawo zikuluzikulu.Choyipa ndichakuti ndalama zoyambilira ndizokwera.
Chipangizo cha Zeolite Runner adsorption-purification ndi chipangizo choyeretsera mpweya chomwe chimatha kupitiliza kuchita ntchito yotsatsa komanso yochotsa.Mbali ziwiri za gudumu la zeolite zimagawidwa m'madera atatu ndi chipangizo chapadera chosindikizira: malo adsorption, desorption (regeneration) ndi malo ozizira.Njira yogwirira ntchito ya dongosololi ndi: gudumu lozungulira zeolites limazungulira mosalekeza pa liwiro lotsika, Kuzungulira kudera la adsorption, desorption (regeneration) ndi malo ozizira;Pamene mpweya wochepa kwambiri ndi mpweya wotulutsa mpweya umadutsa mosalekeza m'dera la adsorption la wothamanga, VOC mu mpweya wotulutsa mpweya umayendetsedwa ndi zeolite ya gudumu lozungulira, Kutulutsa kwachindunji pambuyo pa kutsatsa ndi kuyeretsedwa;The organic zosungunulira adsorbed ndi gudumu amatumizidwa ku desorption (kubadwanso) zone ndi kasinthasintha wa gudumu, Ndiye ndi yaing'ono mpweya voliyumu kutentha mpweya mosalekeza kudera desorption, The VOC adsorbed kwa gudumu imapangidwanso mu zone desorption, Mpweya wotulutsa VOC umatulutsidwa pamodzi ndi mpweya wotentha;Gudumu lopita kumalo ozizira kuti muziziziritsa kuziziritsa likhoza kukhalanso adsorption, Ndi kusinthasintha kosalekeza kwa gudumu lozungulira, Adsorption, desorption, ndi kuzungulira kozizira kumachitidwa, Onetsetsani kuti ntchito yosalekeza ndi yokhazikika ya chithandizo cha gasi.
Chipangizo chothamanga cha zeolite kwenikweni chimakhala cholumikizira, ndipo mpweya wotulutsa mpweya wokhala ndi zosungunulira organic umagawidwa m'magawo awiri: mpweya woyera womwe umatha kutulutsidwa mwachindunji, ndi mpweya wobwezerezedwanso wokhala ndi zosungunulira zambiri za organic.Mpweya woyera womwe ungathe kutulutsidwa mwachindunji ndipo ukhoza kubwezeretsedwanso mu makina opukutirapo mpweya wopaka utoto;kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa VOC kumakhala pafupifupi nthawi 10 za ndende ya VOC musanalowe mu dongosolo.Mpweya wokhazikika umathandizidwa ndi kutentha kwapamwamba kudzera pa TNV recovery thermal incineration system (kapena zida zina).Kutentha kopangidwa ndi kutenthedwa ndiko kuyanika kutentha kwa chipinda ndi kutentha kwa zeolite motsatana, ndipo mphamvu ya kutentha imagwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira kukwaniritsa mphamvu zopulumutsa mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa utsi.
Kuchita mwaukadaulo ndi mawonekedwe: kapangidwe kosavuta, kukonza kosavuta, moyo wautali wautumiki;kuyamwa kwakukulu ndi kuvula bwino, kutembenuza voliyumu yoyambira yamphepo yamkuntho ndi mpweya wocheperako wa VOC kukhala mpweya wocheperako komanso mpweya wowononga kwambiri, kuchepetsa mtengo wa zida zomaliza zochizira;kutsika kwambiri kuthamanga kutsika, kungachepetse kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi;Kukonzekera kwadongosolo lonse ndi mapangidwe amtundu, okhala ndi zofunikira zochepa za danga, ndikupereka njira zowongolera mosalekeza komanso zosayendetsedwa;imatha kufikira mulingo wapadziko lonse;adsorbent amagwiritsa ntchito zeolite osayaka, kugwiritsa ntchito ndikotetezeka;kuipa kwake ndi ndalama zanthawi imodzi zokwera mtengo.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-03-2023
