Kusanthula kwa kapangidwe ka mpweya wotulutsa utsi wa utoto wopopera

1. Kupanga ndi zigawo zazikulu za mpweya wotayira utoto wopopera

Njira yopenta imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu makina, magalimoto, zida zamagetsi, zida zapakhomo, zombo, mipando ndi mafakitale ena.

Utoto wopaka utoto —— Utoto umapangidwa ndi zinthu zosasinthasintha komanso zosasinthasintha, kuphatikizapo zinthu za filimu ndi zinthu zina zowonjezera za filimu, chinthu chosungunuka chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusungunula utoto, kuti utoto ukhale wosalala komanso wokongola.

Njira yopopera utoto imapangitsa kuti utoto ukhale wokhuthala komanso mpweya woipa wa organic, utotowo umakhala ndi mphamvu yothamanga kwambiri, ndipo mbali ina ya utotowo sinafike pamwamba pa utotowo, mpweya wotuluka m'thupi umakhala wokhuthala; mpweya wokhuthala wa organic umakhala wosasunthika chifukwa cha kusungunuka kwa madzi, ndipo organic solvent siimangiriridwa pamwamba pa utotowo, ndipo utotowo umachotsa mpweya wokhuthala (ma organic compounds ambiri, motsatana, ndi a alkane, alkanes, olefin, aromatics, alcohol, aldehyde, ketones, ester, ether, ndi zina zotero).

2. Magwero ndi makhalidwe a mpweya wotulutsa utsi wa galimoto

Malo ojambulira utoto wa magalimoto ayenera kuchita utoto usanayambe, electrophoresis ndi utoto wopopera pa ntchito. Njira yopaka utoto imaphatikizapo kupopera utoto, kuyenda ndi kuumitsa, ndipo njirazi zimapanga mpweya wa zinyalala zachilengedwe (VOCs) ndi kupopera utoto, kotero njirazi ziyenera kupopera utoto wa mpweya wopopera utoto m'chipinda.

(1) Mpweya wotayira kuchokera ku chipinda chopopera utoto

Pofuna kusunga malo ogwirira ntchito opopera, malinga ndi zomwe zili mu Labor Safety and Health Law, mpweya uyenera kusinthidwa mosalekeza m'chipinda chopopera, ndipo liwiro losintha mpweya liyenera kulamulidwa mkati mwa (0.25 ~ 1) m/s. Kapangidwe kake ka mpweya wotulutsa mpweya ndi organic solvent ya utoto wopopera, zigawo zake zazikulu ndi aromatic hydrocarbons (atatu benzene ndi non-methane total hydrocarbon), alcohol ether, ester organic solvent, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya m'chipinda chopopera ndi kwakukulu kwambiri, kotero kuchuluka konse kwa mpweya wotayidwa wa organic kumakhala kochepa kwambiri, nthawi zambiri pafupifupi 100 mg/m3. Kuphatikiza apo, mpweya wotulutsa mpweya m'chipinda chopopera nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi utoto wochepa wosakonzedwa konse, makamaka chipinda chopopera utoto wouma, utoto womwe uli mu utsi, ukhoza kukhala cholepheretsa kuchiza mpweya wotayidwa, kuchiza mpweya wotayidwa kuyenera kukhala kusanachitike.

(2) Mpweya wotayira wochokera m'chipinda choumitsira

Utoto wa nkhope utatha kupopera usanaume, mpweya umayenda bwino, utoto wonyowa usanaume, uyenera kunyowa, kuti mpweya uume bwino, kuti mpweya usamaume bwino, kuti mpweya usamaume bwino, mpweya uyenera kuphulika mosavuta, mpweya uyenera kusinthasintha, kutentha kwa mpweya nthawi zambiri kumayendetsedwa ndi 0.2 m/s, ndipo mpweya uyenera kusinthidwa ndi utoto, koma ulibe utoto, ndipo mpweya wochuluka umakhala wochepa kuposa mpweya wothira, malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya wothira utsi, womwe umapezeka nthawi zambiri m'chipinda chothira utsi, womwe umapezeka nthawi zambiri nthawi ziwiri, ukhoza kufika 300 mg/m3, nthawi zambiri umasakanikirana ndi mpweya wothira utsi pambuyo pothira utsi. Kuphatikiza apo, mpweya wothira uyeneranso kutulutsa mpweya wothira utsi wofanana ndi mpweya wothira utsi.

(3)Dmpweya wotulutsa utsi wambiri

Kapangidwe ka mpweya wouma ndi wovuta kwambiri, kuwonjezera pa organic solvent, gawo la plasticizer kapena resin monomer ndi zinthu zina zosinthasintha, komanso lili ndi zinthu zowola kutentha, zinthu zomwe zimachitika. Electrophoretic primer ndi solvent topcoat drying zimakhala ndi mpweya wotulutsa utsi, koma kapangidwe kake ndi kusiyana kwake ndi kwakukulu.

※Zoopsa za mpweya wotulutsa utsi wa utoto wopopera:

Kuchokera ku kafukufukuyu, zimadziwika kuti mpweya wotayira wochokera ku chipinda chopopera, chipinda chowumitsira, chipinda chosakaniza utoto ndi chipinda chotsukira zinyalala za utoto wa pamwamba ndi wochepa kwambiri komanso woyenda kwambiri, ndipo zigawo zazikulu za zonyansa ndi ma hydrocarbons onunkhira, ma ether a mowa ndi ma ester organic solvents. Malinga ndi "Comprehensive Emission Standard for Air Pollution", kuchuluka kwa mpweya wotayirawu nthawi zambiri kumakhala mkati mwa malire a mpweya wotayira. Pofuna kuthana ndi zofunikira pa kuchuluka kwa mpweya wotayira womwe uli mu muyezo, mafakitale ambiri amagalimoto amagwiritsa ntchito njira yotulutsira mpweya wotayira pamalo okwera kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti njira iyi ikhoza kukwaniritsa miyezo ya mpweya wotayira womwe ulipo, mpweya wotayira womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito umachotsedwa mpweya wotayira womwe sukonzedwa, ndipo kuchuluka konse kwa mpweya woyipa womwe umatulutsidwa ndi mzere waukulu wa zokutira thupi kumatha kufika matani mazana ambiri, zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu mlengalenga.

Utoto wa chifunga mu organic solvent —— benzene, toluene, xylene ndi mankhwala amphamvu ophera poizoni, omwe amagwira ntchito mumlengalenga mu workshop, ogwira ntchito akapuma mpweya amatha kuyambitsa poizoni woopsa komanso wokhalitsa, makamaka amachititsa kuwonongeka kwa dongosolo la mitsempha ndi hematopoietic, kupuma kwakanthawi kochepa komwe kumakhala ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu (koposa 1500 mg/m3) kwa benzene nthunzi, kungayambitse kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, nthawi zambiri mpweya wochepa womwe umapuma ungayambitsenso kusanza, zizindikiro za mitsempha monga chisokonezo.

※Kusankha njira yochotsera mpweya woipa pogwiritsa ntchito utoto wopopera ndi utoto:

Posankha njira zochizira zachilengedwe, zinthu zotsatirazi ziyenera kuganiziridwa kawirikawiri: mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zoipitsa zachilengedwe, kutentha kwa utsi wachilengedwe ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi otuluka, kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, ndi mulingo wowongolera kuipitsa womwe ukufunika kukwaniritsidwa.

1Smankhwala opaka utoto pa kutentha kwa chipinda

Mpweya wotulutsa mpweya wochokera ku chipinda chopaka utoto, chipinda chowumitsira, chipinda chosakaniza utoto ndi chipinda chotsukira zinyalala cha topcoat ndi mpweya wotulutsa mpweya wotentha kwambiri komanso woyenda kwambiri, ndipo kapangidwe kake ka zinthu zoipitsa mpweya ndi ma hydrocarbons onunkhira, mowa ndi ma ether ndi zinthu zosungunulira zachilengedwe za ester. Malinga ndi GB16297 “Comprehensive Emission Standard for Air Pollution”, kuchuluka kwa mpweya woipawu nthawi zambiri kumakhala mkati mwa malire a mpweya woipa. Pofuna kuthana ndi zofunikira pa kuchuluka kwa mpweya woipa womwe uli mu muyezo, mafakitale ambiri amagalimoto amagwiritsa ntchito njira yotulutsa mpweya woipa kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti njira iyi ikhoza kukwaniritsa miyezo ya mpweya woipa yomwe ilipo, mpweya woipawo umachepetsedwa kwambiri popanda kukonzedwa, ndipo kuchuluka konse kwa mpweya woipa womwe umatulutsidwa ndi mzere waukulu wa zokutira thupi kumatha kufika matani mazana ambiri, zomwe zimayambitsa kuwononga kwakukulu mlengalenga.

Pofuna kuchepetsa kutulutsa kwa mpweya woipa wochokera ku utsi, njira zingapo zochizira mpweya wotuluka zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamodzi pochiza, koma mtengo wochizira mpweya wotuluka ndi mpweya wambiri ndi wokwera kwambiri. Pakadali pano, njira yachilendo yokhwima kwambiri ndiyo kuyika kaye (ndi gudumu la adsorption-desorption kuti iwonjezere kuchuluka konse kwa nthawi pafupifupi 15), kuti muchepetse kuchuluka konse komwe kukuyenera kuchiritsidwa, kenako mugwiritse ntchito njira yowononga pochiza mpweya wotayika wochuluka. Pali njira zofanana ku China, njira yoyamba yogwiritsira ntchito adsorption (activated carbon kapena zeolite ngati adsorbent) kuti pakhale kuchuluka kochepa, kupopera utoto wotayira kutentha kwa chipinda, ndi kupopera mpweya wotentha kwambiri, mpweya wotayira wochuluka pogwiritsa ntchito catalytic heat heat kapena regenerative thermal heat heat method. Kuchuluka kochepa, njira yachilengedwe yochizira mpweya wotayira kutentha ikupangidwa, ukadaulo wakunyumba pakadali pano sunakhwime, koma ndikofunikira kulabadira. Pofuna kuchepetsa kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya woipa womwe umapangidwa ndi anthu ambiri, tifunikanso kuthetsa vutoli kuchokera ku gwero lake, monga kugwiritsa ntchito makapu ozungulira amagetsi ndi njira zina zowonjezerera kuchuluka kwa zophimba, kupanga zophimba zochokera m'madzi ndi zophimba zina zoteteza chilengedwe.

2Dchithandizo cha mpweya woipa

Mpweya wouma umagwiritsidwa ntchito poumitsa mpweya wouma ndi wapakati komanso wotentha kwambiri, woyenera kuchiza njira yoyaka. Kachitidwe ka kuyaka kali ndi magawo atatu ofunikira: nthawi, kutentha, kusokonezeka, ndiko kuti, kuyaka kwa zinthu za 3T. Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa kachitidwe ka mpweya wouma ndikokwanira kwa kachitidwe ka kuyaka ndipo kumadalira kuwongolera kwa kachitidwe ka 3T. RTO imatha kuwongolera kutentha kwa kuyaka (820~900℃) ndi nthawi yokhazikika (1.0~1.2s), ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kusokonezeka kofunikira (mpweya ndi zinthu zachilengedwe zasakanikirana mokwanira), mphamvu ya kachitidwe kake ndi 99%, ndipo kutentha kwa zinyalala kumakhala kwakukulu, ndipo mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito ndi yochepa. Mafakitale ambiri a magalimoto aku Japan ku Japan ndi China nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito RTO pochiza mpweya wouma pakati (primer, pakati, pamwamba). Mwachitsanzo, mzere wophimba wa galimoto ya Dongfeng Nissan Huadu wogwiritsa ntchito RTO pakati pa kachitidwe ka mpweya wouma ndi wabwino kwambiri, umakwaniritsa zofunikira za malamulo oletsa kutulutsa mpweya. Komabe, chifukwa cha ndalama zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi kokha pokonza zida zoyeretsera mpweya wa zinyalala za RTO, sizotsika mtengo pokonza mpweya wa zinyalala wokhala ndi mpweya wochepa wotayira.

Pa mzere wopangira zokutira womalizidwa, ngati pakufunika zida zowonjezera zochizira mpweya wotayira, makina oyaka moto oyambitsa magetsi ndi makina oyaka moto obwezeretsanso kutentha angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Makina oyaka moto oyambitsa magetsi ali ndi ndalama zochepa komanso mphamvu zochepa zoyaka moto zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kawirikawiri, kugwiritsa ntchito / platinamu ngati chothandizira kungachepetse kutentha kwa mpweya wambiri wotayira zinyalala za organic kufika pa 315℃. Makina oyaka a Catalytic angagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza mpweya wotayira zinyalala, makamaka oyenera magetsi owuma pogwiritsa ntchito magetsi otenthetsera, vuto lomwe lilipo ndi momwe mungapewere kulephera kwa poizoni wa catalyst. Kuchokera pa zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito ena adakumana nazo, pa mpweya wotayira zinyalala wouma pamwamba pa utoto, powonjezera kusefa kwa mpweya wotayira zinyalala ndi njira zina, zitha kuwonetsetsa kuti moyo wa chothandizira ndi zaka 3 ~ 5; mpweya wotayira zinyalala wouma utoto wa electrophoretic ndi wosavuta kuyambitsa poizoni wa catalyst, kotero chithandizo cha mpweya wotayira zinyalala wouma utoto wa electrophoretic chiyenera kusamala pogwiritsa ntchito chotenthetsera. Pakuchiza ndi kusintha kwa mzere wokutira thupi la galimoto yamalonda ya Dongfeng, mpweya wotayira wa electrophoretic primer drying umachiritsidwa ndi njira ya RTO, ndipo mpweya wotayira wa utoto wapamwamba umachiritsidwa ndi njira yotenthetsera zinyalala, ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala zabwino.

※Njira yochotsera mpweya woipa pogwiritsa ntchito utoto wothira utoto:

Njira yopopera mpweya wotayira m'makampani imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popopera mpweya wotayira m'chipinda, kupopera mpweya wotayira m'nyumba, kukonza mpweya wotayira m'makampani opanga makina, kukonza mpweya wotayira m'nyumba, kupanga magalimoto ndi kupopera mpweya wotayira m'chipinda chopaka utoto wa magalimoto. Pakadali pano, pali njira zosiyanasiyana zochizira, monga: njira yothira madzi, njira yoyamwitsa, njira yoyaka, njira yothandizira, njira yothira madzi, njira yachilengedwe ndi njira ya ayoni.

1. Wnjira yopopera madzi + kuyamwa ndi kuchotsedwa kwa mpweya woipa + kuyaka kwa mpweya woipa

Pogwiritsa ntchito nsanja yopopera kuti muchotse utoto ndi zinthu zosungunuka m'madzi, fyuluta youma ikatha, mu chipangizo chothandizira kulowetsedwa kwa mpweya, monga kulowetsedwa kwa mpweya wopangidwa ndi ...

2. Wkupopera madzi + kulowetsedwa kwa mpweya wopangidwa ndi mpweya ndi kuchotsedwa kwa mpweya + njira yobwezeretsa madzi oundana

Pogwiritsa ntchito nsanja yopopera kuti muchotse utoto ndi zinthu zosungunuka m'madzi, fyuluta youma ikatha, mu chipangizo chopopera mpweya, monga kudzaza kwa mpweya wothira mpweya, kenako kuchotsa (njira yochotsera ndi nthunzi, kutentha kwamagetsi, kuchotsera kwa nayitrogeni), mutatha kukonza kuchuluka kwa mpweya wothira madzi, kusungunuka kwa madzi, kusungunuka kwa madzi mwa kulekanitsa zinthu zamtengo wapatali zachilengedwe. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mpweya wothira madzi ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu, kutentha kochepa komanso mpweya wochepa. Koma njira iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mpweya wothira madzi ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu, kutentha kochepa komanso kuchuluka kwa mpweya wochepa. Koma ndalama zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri, mtengo wogwirira ntchito, mpweya wothira utoto "atatu benzene" ndi mpweya wina wothira madzi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochepa kuposa 300 mg/m3, kuchuluka kochepa, kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa mpweya (galimoto yopanga utoto nthawi zambiri imakhala yoposa 100000), ndipo chifukwa chakuti kapangidwe kake ka utsi wa organic solvent m'galimoto, kubwezeretsanso zinthu zosungunulira n'kovuta kugwiritsa ntchito, ndipo n'kosavuta kupanga kuipitsa kwachiwiri, kotero kuphimba mu utsi wa zinyalala nthawi zambiri sikugwiritsa ntchito njira iyi.

3. Wnjira yotsatsira mpweya wa aste

Kupopera utoto wothira mpweya wotayira kumatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: kupopera mankhwala ndi kupopera thupi, koma ntchito ya mankhwala a mpweya wotayira wa "benzene zitatu" ndi yochepa, nthawi zambiri sigwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opopera. Madzi opopera thupi amayamwa pang'ono, ndipo amayamwa zinthuzo ndi mphamvu yayikulu yotenthetsera, kuziziritsa ndikugwiritsanso ntchito pofufuza kuyamwa kwa madzi. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa mpweya, kutentha kochepa, komanso kutsika kwa madzi. Kukhazikitsa kwake ndi kovuta, ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zambiri, kusankha madzi opopera ndi kovuta kwambiri, pali kuipitsidwa kawiri.

4. Akulowetsedwa kwa mpweya wopangidwa ndi mphamvu + zida zoyeretsera mpweya za UV

(1): mwachindunji kudzera mu mpweya wachilengedwe wothira mwachindunji kudzera mu mpweya wothira, kuti akwaniritse kuchuluka kwa 95% koyeretsera, zida zosavuta, ndalama zochepa, ntchito yosavuta, koma nthawi zambiri amafunika kusintha mpweya wothira, kuchuluka kochepa kwa zoipitsa, osachira. (2) Njira yothira: mpweya wachilengedwe mu mpweya wothira mpweya wothira, mpweya wothira ...

5.Akulowetsedwa kwa mpweya woyatsidwa + zida za plasma zotentha kwambiri

Pambuyo poyambitsa mpweya woyatsidwa, kenako ndi mpweya wochepa kutentha kwa plasma, mpweya woipa womwe umakonzedwa ndi zida zoyeretsera zinyalala, umagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mpweya woipa, njira ya ion ndikugwiritsa ntchito plasma Plasma (ION plasma) kuwononga mpweya woipa wa organic, kuchotsa fungo loipa, kupha mabakiteriya, mavairasi, kuyeretsa mpweya ndi njira yofananira yapadziko lonse lapansi, akatswiri akunyumba ndi akunja amatchedwa amodzi mwa ukadaulo waukulu wa sayansi yazachilengedwe m'zaka za zana la 21. Chinsinsi cha ukadaulowu ndi kudzera mu kutulutsidwa kwa mpweya woipa wamagetsi ambiri (plasma), kuyambitsa mpweya, kupanga mitundu yonse ya ma free radicals, monga OH, HO2, O, etc., benzene, toluene, xylene, ammonia, alkane ndi zina zowononga zinyalala za organic, okosijeni ndi zina zovuta za thupi ndi mankhwala, komanso zotsalira zomwe sizili poizoni, kupewa kuipitsa kwachiwiri. Ukadaulowu uli ndi mphamvu zochepa kwambiri, malo ochepa, ntchito yosavuta komanso yokonza, ndipo ndi woyenera kwambiri pochiza mpweya woipa wosiyanasiyana.

BChidule cha nkhani ya mkangano:

Tsopano pali mitundu yambiri ya njira zochizira zomwe zilipo pamsika, kuti tikwaniritse miyezo yadziko lonse komanso yakomweko yochizira, nthawi zambiri timasankha njira zingapo zochizira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mpweya wotayira, kuti tisankhe mogwirizana ndi njira yawo yeniyeni yochizira.