Zida zokutira ndi gawo lofunikira komanso lofunikira pamakina amakono opanga mafakitale. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale monga magalimoto, zida zapakhomo, zida, zomanga zombo, makina opangira uinjiniya, mipando, ndi zoyendera njanji. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikuyika zokutira mofanana pamwamba pa zida zogwirira ntchito kuti apange zokutira zoteteza, zokongola komanso zogwira ntchito. Chifukwa cha zovuta zogwirira ntchito muzovala, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kutuluka kwa mpweya, zakumwa, ufa, machitidwe a mankhwala, kuyanika kwapamwamba kwambiri, ndi zinthu zowonongeka, zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zoyakira ziyenera kukhala zodalirika pakugwira ntchito komanso zosinthika kuti zitsimikizire kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, zokutira zapamwamba, ndi chitetezo cha ntchito.
Kusankha koyenera kwa zida zokutira kumafunikira mainjiniya kuti amvetsetse bwino magwiridwe antchito a zida zosiyanasiyana ndikupanga ziganizo zomveka potengera momwe zidazo zimagwirira ntchito, zofunikira pakupanga, komanso mfundo zachuma. Opanga mzere wopangira zokutira adzasanthula katundu ndi zofunikira zazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito potengera momwe zida zokutira zimagwirira ntchito, kuwunika kugwiritsa ntchito zida zosiyanasiyana pazida zokutira, zabwino ndi zoyipa zawo, ndikupereka malingaliro ozama ndi njira zopangira zopangira zinthu.
I. Mapangidwe Oyambira ndi Zigawo Zofunikira za Zida Zopaka
Zida zokutira nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi makina opangira mankhwala, makina opangira zokutira, zida zopopera, makina otumizira, zida zowumitsira, makina obwezeretsa, mpweya wabwino ndi utsi, ndi dongosolo lowongolera. Kapangidwe kake ndi kovuta, ndipo malo ogwirira ntchito ndi osiyanasiyana. Dongosolo lililonse limagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimafunikira zida zosiyanasiyana.
Dongosolo la pretreatment limaphatikizapo kutentha kwakukulu, chinyezi chambiri, ndi mankhwala amphamvu owononga.
Dongosolo lopoperapo mankhwala limaphatikizapo kuthamanga kwa mpweya wothamanga kwambiri, ma electrostatic apamwamba kwambiri, komanso zoopsa zotulutsa magetsi.
Dongosolo la conveyor liyenera kunyamula kulemera kwa zida zogwirira ntchito ndikugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali.
Zipangizo zowumitsa zimaphatikizanso kutentha kwambiri komanso zovuta zowonjezera.
Dongosolo la mpweya wabwino limafunikira mapaipi osagwirizana ndi dzimbiri komanso oletsa kukalamba komanso mafani.
Njira yochotsera zinyalala ndi makina obwezeretsanso zokutira ziyenera kunyamula mpweya woyaka, wophulika, kapena wowononga kwambiri komanso fumbi.
Choncho, kusankha kwazinthu kuyenera kugwirizanitsa ndi zochitika zenizeni za ntchito iliyonse yogwira ntchito, popanda njira yofanana.
II. Mfundo Zazikulu Zosankha Zinthu mu Zida Zopaka
Posankha zipangizo zamagulu osiyanasiyana, mfundo zotsatirazi ziyenera kutsatiridwa:
1.Ikani patsogolo Kulimbana ndi Ziphuphu
Popeza kuti zokutira nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zinthu zowononga monga ma acidic ndi alkaline solution, organic solvents, zokutira, ndi zoyeretsera, zinthuzo ziyenera kukhala ndi mankhwala oletsa dzimbiri kuti apewe dzimbiri, kuphulika, komanso kuwonongeka kwamapangidwe.
2.Kulimbana ndi Kutentha Kwambiri kapena Kukhazikika kwa Matenthedwe
Zigawo zomwe zimagwira ntchito m'zipinda zowumitsa zotentha kwambiri kapena ng'anjo za sintering ziyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zotentha kwambiri, zofananira bwino ndi matenthedwe owonjezera, komanso kukana kukalamba kutentha kuti athe kuthana ndi kusintha kwa kutentha ndi kugwedezeka kwamafuta.
3.Kulimba Kwamakina ndi Kukhazikika
Zigawo zokhala ndi zomangamanga, makina okweza, mayendedwe, ndi zotengera ziyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira komanso kukana kutopa kuti zitsimikizire kugwira ntchito mokhazikika popanda kupunduka.
4.Pamwamba Wosalala Ndi Kuyeretsa Kosavuta
Zida zokutira zimatha kuipitsidwa ndi zokutira, fumbi, ndi zowononga zina, motero zida ziyenera kukhala zosalala bwino, kukana kumamatira, komanso kuyeretsa kosavuta kuti zithandizire kukonza.
5.Good Processability ndi Assembly
Zida ziyenera kukhala zosavuta kudula, kuwotcherera, kupindika, sitampu, kapena kusinthidwa ndi makina ena, kuti zigwirizane ndi kupanga ndi kusonkhanitsa zida zovuta.
6.Valani Kukaniza ndi Moyo Wautali
Zida zomwe zimagwira ntchito nthawi zambiri kapena kukhudzana ndi kukangana ziyenera kukhala zolimba kuti ziwonjezere moyo wautumiki ndikuchepetsa kukonzanso pafupipafupi.
7.Zofunikira za Insulation kapena Conductivity
Pakuti electrostatic kupopera zipangizo, zipangizo ayenera zabwino kutchinjiriza katundu magetsi; pomwe zida zotetezera pansi zimafunikira zida zokhala ndi magetsi abwino.
III. Kusanthula kwa Kusankhira Zinthu Zofunika Kwambiri pa Zida Zopaka
1. Pretreatment System (Degreasing, Rust Removal, Phosphating, etc.)
Dongosolo la pretreatment nthawi zambiri limafuna chithandizo chamankhwala chapa workpiece ndi zamadzimadzi za acidic kapena zamchere. Malowa ndi owononga kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kusankha zinthu kukhala zofunika kwambiri.
Zofunikira:
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri 304/316: Chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma phosphating ndi matanki otsitsa ndi mapaipi, okhala ndi asidi wabwino komanso kukana kwa alkaline komanso kukana dzimbiri.
Plastic Lined Steel Plates (PP, PVC, PE, etc.): Oyenera malo okhala acidic kwambiri, otsika mtengo komanso kukana kwa dzimbiri mwamphamvu. Titanium Alloy kapena FRP: Imagwira bwino m'malo owononga kwambiri komanso otentha kwambiri koma pamtengo wokwera.
2.Spraying System (Mfuti Zothirira Zodziwikiratu, Zothirira Mahema)
Chofunikira pazida zopopera mbewuzo ndikuchepetsa zokutira, kuwongolera kutuluka, ndikuletsa kuchuluka kwa utoto komanso kuwopsa kwa electrostatic discharge.
Zofunikira:
Aluminiyamu Aloyi kapena Chitsulo Chosapanga dzimbiri: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira zida zamfuti ndi ngalande zamkati, zomwe zimapereka kukana kwa dzimbiri komanso zopepuka.
Pulasitiki Zaumisiri (monga, POM, PTFE): Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka zinthu zotuluka kuti penti isatsekeke ndi kutsekeka. Anti-static Composite Materials: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakoma a popopera mankhwala kuti apewe kudzikundikira komwe kungayambitse kuphulika ndi kuphulika.
3.Conveyor System (Tracks, Hanging Systems, Unyolo) Mizere yophimba nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito makina osindikizira kapena oyendetsa pansi, omwe amanyamula katundu wolemetsa ndikugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali.
Zofunikira:
Chitsulo cha Alloy kapena Chitsulo Chothiridwa ndi Kutentha: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma sprocket, maunyolo, ndi ma track okhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kukana kuvala bwino.
Chitsulo chopanda alloy Wear-resistant: Choyenera m'malo ovala kwambiri, monga mayendedwe okhotakhota kapena magawo opendekera.
Zida Zamphamvu Zam'mwamba Zopangira Pulasitiki: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochepetsa mikangano ndi makina obisalira kuti achepetse phokoso ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito.
4.Drying Equipment (Hot Air Furnace, Drying Box) Malo owumitsa amafunikira kugwira ntchito mosalekeza pa kutentha kwapakati pa 150 ° C-300 ° C kapena kupitirira, ndi zofuna zapamwamba za kukhazikika kwazitsulo zachitsulo.
Zolimbikitsa Zazida: Chitsulo Chopanda Kutentha (monga 310S):
Imatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri popanda ma deformation kapena oxidation.
Zopaka za Carbon Steel + High-Temperature: Zoyenera kuyanika ngalande zapakati kapena zotsika, zotsika mtengo koma zokhala ndi moyo waufupi pang'ono.
Refractory Fiber Insulation Layer: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito potsekereza khoma lamkati kuti achepetse kutaya kutentha komanso kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zamagetsi.
5.Ventilation ndi Exhaust System
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira kayendedwe ka mpweya, kuteteza kufalikira kwa zinthu zoopsa komanso zovulaza, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti malo ogwirira ntchito azikhala oyera komanso chitetezo cha ogwira ntchito.
Zofunikira:
PVC kapena PP Ducts: Kugonjetsedwa ndi asidi ndi mpweya wa gasi dzimbiri, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nkhungu ya asidi ndi utsi wa nkhungu zamchere.
Matabwa a Zitsulo Zosapanga dzimbiri: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito potengera kutentha kwambiri kapena mpweya wokhala ndi zosungunulira.
Ma Fiberglass Fan Impellers: Opepuka, osachita dzimbiri, komanso oyenera malo opaka mankhwala.
6.Kubwezeretsa ndi Kutaya Zida Zochizira Gasi
Pa zokutira za ufa ndi zosungunulira zochokera ku zosungunulira, fumbi ndi ma organic organic compounds (VOCs) amapangidwa, omwe amafunikira kuchira ndi kuyeretsedwa.
Zofunikira:
Chitsulo cha Carbon chokhala ndi Spray Coating + Anti-corrosion Coating: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pobwezeretsa nkhokwe ndi zipinda zochotsa fumbi, zotsika mtengo. Zipolopolo Zosefera Zitsulo Zosapanga dzimbiri: Zoyenera malo okhala ndi zosungunulira zambiri komanso dzimbiri lachilengedwe.
Ma Bin Oyatsidwa ndi Carbon ndi Zida Zothandizira Kuyaka: Zimakhudzanso kutentha kwambiri ndipo zimafunikira zitsulo zosagwirizana ndi kutentha kwambiri kapena zoumba.
IV. Zachilengedwe ndi Chitetezo Pakusankha Zinthu
Zopangira zokutira nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zovuta zotsatirazi:
Kutentha ndi Kuphulika kwa Zosungunulira Zamoyo: Zida ziyenera kukhala ndi anti-static ndi anti-spark properties, zokhala ndi maziko odalirika.
Kuwopsyeza Kuphulika kwa Fumbi: Pewani zinthu zomwe zimatha kukhala ndi fumbi kapena kuyaka, makamaka m'malo otsekedwa.
Ulamuliro Wokhwima wa VOC: Kusankha zinthu kuyenera kuganizira zachitetezo cha chilengedwe ndikupewa kuipitsidwa kwachiwiri.
Chinyezi Chapamwamba kapena Mipweya Yowononga: Gwiritsani ntchito anti-oxidation, anti-corrosion, ndi zinthu zolimbana ndi nyengo kuti muchepetse nthawi yokonza zida.
Popanga, opanga makina opangira zokutira ayenera kuganizira kusankha kwa zinthu, kapangidwe kake, chitetezo ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito limodzi kuti apewe kusinthidwa pafupipafupi komanso zoopsa zachitetezo.
V. Kuganizira za Chuma ndi Kusamalira Posankha Zinthu
Popanga zida zokutira, sizinthu zonse zomwe zimafunikira zida zokwera mtengo kwambiri. Kukonzekera koyenera kwa gradient ndiye chinsinsi chowongolera ndalama ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zikuyenda bwino:
Kwa madera omwe sali ovuta, zitsulo za carbon steel kapena mapulasitiki okhazikika amatha kusankhidwa.
Kwa madera omwe amawononga kwambiri kapena kutentha kwambiri, zipangizo zodalirika zosagwirizana ndi dzimbiri komanso kutentha kwambiri ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Pazigawo zomwe zimavalidwa pafupipafupi, zida zotha kuvala zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zithandizire kukonza bwino.
Ukadaulo wamankhwala apamtunda (monga kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, zokutira zothana ndi dzimbiri, ma electroplating, oxidation, etc.) amathandizira kwambiri magwiridwe antchito wamba ndipo amatha kulowa m'malo mwa zida zodula.
VI. Tsogolo Lachitukuko ndi Maupangiri a Zinthu Zatsopano
Ndikupita patsogolo kwa mafakitale, malamulo a chilengedwe, ndi kupanga kokhazikika, kusankha kwazinthu zopangira zokutira kumakumana ndi zovuta zatsopano:
Zobiriwira ndi Zogwirizana ndi chilengedwe
Kutulutsa kwatsopano kwa VOC, zobwezerezedwanso, komanso zopanda poizoni ndi zopanda zitsulo zidzakhala zofala.
Zida Zophatikizika Zapamwamba
Kugwiritsa ntchito mapulasitiki olimbitsa magalasi a fiberglass, ma kaboni fiber composites, ndi ena akwaniritsa kupititsa patsogolo kwapang'onopang'ono, kukana dzimbiri, komanso mphamvu zamapangidwe.
Mapulogalamu a Smart Material
“Zida zanzeru”ndi kuzindikira kutentha, kulowetsedwa kwa magetsi, ndi ntchito yodzikonza yokha idzagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'onopang'ono ku zipangizo zokutira kuti ziwongolere milingo yodzipangira okha komanso luso lolosera zolakwika.
Coating Technology ndi Surface Engineering Optimization
Kuvala kwa laser, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kwa plasma, ndi matekinoloje ena kumawonjezera magwiridwe antchito azinthu wamba, kuchepetsa mtengo wazinthu ndikukulitsa moyo wautumiki.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-15-2025
